Excels Countif in SQL

The Microsoft Excel function countif counts cells that satisfy a condition:

Excel: =COUNTIF(<source>, <condition>)

The same behavior can be obtained in SQL by using a case expression inside the count function:

  SQL: COUNT(CASE WHEN <condition> THEN 1 END)

In Excel, the <source> defines arbitrary cells—Ax:Ay in the following examples. In SQL, the picking the rows is separate from the picking of the columns. The the group by and over clauses specify the rows. The column is explicitly used in the <condition> that is put into the case expression.

Excel: =COUNTIF(Ax:Ay, 42)
  SQL: COUNT(CASE WHEN A = 42 THEN 1 END)

The condition is not put under quotes—not even when using a comparison operator:

Excel: =COUNTIF(Ax:Ay, "> 42")
  SQL: COUNT(CASE WHEN A > 42 THEN 1 END)

Text values, however, must be put under single quotes0:

Excel: =COUNTIF(Ax:Ay, "Marvin")
  SQL: COUNT(CASE WHEN A = 'Marvin' THEN 1 END)

Whether or not SQL text comparisons ignore case differences depends on the so-called collation. Even the default varies between database products: MySQL, MariaDB and SQL Server perform case-insensitive comparisons by default. PostgreSQL, the Oracle database and SQLite do—per default—take case differences into account.

Unlike the Excel countif function, SQL does not apply wildcard matches when comparing strings with the equals sign (=). To use wildcards in SQL, you have to use the like operator. The like operator uses underscore (_) as a wildcard for a single character and the percent sign (%) as the wildcard for any number of characters—like ? and * in Excels countif.

Excel: =COUNTIF(Ax:Ay, "Marvin*")
  SQL: COUNT(CASE WHEN A LIKE 'Marvin%' THEN 1 END)

Countif over multiple columns is done as the sum of one count function per column:

Excel: =COUNTIF(Ax:Cy, 42)
  SQL: COUNT(CASE WHEN A = 42 THEN 1 END) +
       COUNT(CASE WHEN B = 42 THEN 1 END) +
       COUNT(CASE WHEN C = 42 THEN 1 END)

The function Countifs can often be implemented with an and condition in the case expression.

Excel: =COUNTIFS(Ax:Ay, 42, Bx:By, 43)
  SQL: COUNT(CASE WHEN A = 42 AND B = 43 THEN 1 END)

The function counta can be implemented with a case expression as well. For that, SQL makes a distinction between empty strings and the null value. The following expression counts the rows that have neither the null value or the empty string.

SQL: COUNT(CASE WHEN A IS NOT NULL AND A != '' THEN 1 END)

Note that the SQL equals operator (=) cannot be used to check for the null value—you have to use is [not] null instead.

More about this and related topics:

• The SQL case expression

• The filter clause in SQL

• The SQL null value

• Excel sumif in SQL