Grouping: The trivial parts


Compatibility

BigQuery 2026-02-02bDb2 (LUW) 12.1.3DuckDB 1.4.0H2 2.4.240bMariaDB 12.2.2MySQL 9.6.0Oracle DB 23.26.1bPostgreSQL 18SQL Server 2025acSQLite 3.51.0GROUP BY clauseGROUP BY ()HAVING clauseFunctional dependenciesAggregation query with outer ref’s
  1. Explicit GROUP BY () does not return row on empty input
  2. Aggregation query is always the one that contains the set function
  3. Outer reference must be the only argument (doesn’t support F441)

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Markus Winand provides insights into SQL and shows how different systems support it at modern-sql.com. Previously he made use-the-index-luke.com, which is still actively maintained. Markus can be hired as trainer, speaker and consultant via winand.at.

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